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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of the brain has been demonstrated in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded post-mortem brain tissue (PM) by chromogenic immunohistochemistry for the HIV p24 antigen. The sensitivity of antigen detection is increased significantly by tyramide signal amplification (TSA) compared to the conventional peroxidase labelled Avidin-Biotin complex (ABC) technique. The TSA method also permitted the use of a lower concentration of primary antibody than is conventionally used. Sensitivity was enhanced further by microwave irradiation of the paraffin embedded tissues in citrate buffer. HIV-1 p24 antigen was also detected in PM brain tissue by TSA enhanced immunofluorescence and demonstrated increased sensitivity compared to the conventional immunofluorescence technique with a greatly reduced autofluorescence background.

Original publication

DOI

10.1016/s0166-0934(97)00083-9

Type

Journal article

Journal

J Virol Methods

Publication Date

08/1997

Volume

67

Pages

103 - 112

Keywords

Brain, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, HIV Antibodies, HIV Core Protein p24, HIV Infections, HIV-1, Humans, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Microwaves, Paraffin Embedding, Sensitivity and Specificity, Tyramine