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The team at the Peter Medawar Building have been busy during the pandemic. Read on to find out more about what we have been doing.

Graphical representation of COVID molecules

Covid-19 response

The teams in the Peter Medawar Building (PMB) have been very active during the pandemic. The interests and skills of the scientists and access to the containment lab facilities, available at the PMB, meant this became one of the key hubs of activity in Oxford, working closely with other sites such as the Oxford Vaccine Group and Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, as well as with Oxford University Hospitals where many of us also work.

We have also taken on a national role, collaborating closely with teams elsewhere in the UK through dedicated projects such as; PITCH, OCTAVE and the UK-CIC. The work includes a strong emphasis on T cell studies, vaccine responses and innate immunity, as well as the development of longitudinal cohorts. Teams from Zoology such as Oliver Pybus’ have been very involved in studies of viral evolution and tracking of variants as part of national and international programmes.

Important discoveries include; the development of accurate assays for T cell immunity, the impact of prior infection on vaccine responsiveness, and the impact of different regimens of vaccines on T and B cell immunity. We also provided key data from patient cohorts for the early validation of the Oxford/AZ vaccine.

A selection of the publications are listed here:

Characterisation of in-hospital complications associated with COVID-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK: a prospective, multicentre cohort study.

Drake TM, Riad AM, Fairfield CJ, Egan C, Knight SR, Pius R, Hardwick HE, Norman L, Shaw CA, McLean KA, Thompson AAR, Ho A, Swann OV, Sullivan M, Soares F, Holden KA, Merson L, Plotkin D, Sigfrid L, de Silva TI, Girvan M, Jackson C, Russell CD, Dunning J, Solomon T, Carson G, Olliaro P, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Turtle L, Docherty AB, Openshaw PJ, Baillie JK, Harrison EM, Semple MG; ISARIC4C investigators.

Lancet. 2021 Jul 17;398(10296):223-237. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00799-6.

PMID: 34274064 Free PMC article.

Reduced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 by vaccine and convalescent serum.

Liu C, Ginn HM, Dejnirattisai W, Supasa P, Wang B, Tuekprakhon A, Nutalai R, Zhou D, Mentzer AJ, Zhao Y, Duyvesteyn HME, López-Camacho C, Slon-Campos J, Walter TS, Skelly D, Johnson SA, Ritter TG, Mason C, Costa Clemens SA, Gomes Naveca F, Nascimento V, Nascimento F, Fernandes da Costa C, Resende PC, Pauvolid-Correa A, Siqueira MM, Dold C, Temperton N, Dong T, Pollard AJ, Knight JC, Crook D, Lambe T, Clutterbuck E, Bibi S, Flaxman A, Bittaye M, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Gilbert SC, Malik T, Carroll MW, Klenerman P, Barnes E, Dunachie SJ, Baillie V, Serafin N, Ditse Z, Da Silva K, Paterson NG, Williams MA, Hall DR, Madhi S, Nunes MC, Goulder P, Fry EE, Mongkolsapaya J, Ren J, Stuart DI, Screaton GR.

Cell. 2021 Jun 17:S0092-8674(21)00755-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.020. Online ahead of print.

PMID: 34242578 Free PMC article.

Pre-existing asthma as a comorbidity does not modify cytokine responses and severity of COVID-19.

Luo J, Chen YL, Chen W, Duncan DA, Mentzer A, Knight JC, Ogg G, Klenerman P, Pavord ID, Xue L.

Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2021 Jul 8;17(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s13223-021-00569-8.

PMID: 34238349 Free PMC article.

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study.

ISARIC Clinical Characterisation Group.

Infection. 2021 Jun 25:1-17. doi: 10.1007/s15010-021-01599-5. Online ahead of print.

PMID: 34170486 Free PMC article.

Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in HIV infection: a single-arm substudy of a phase 2/3 clinical trial.

Frater J, Ewer KJ, Ogbe A, Pace M, Adele S, Adland E, Alagaratnam J, Aley PK, Ali M, Ansari MA, Bara A, Bittaye M, Broadhead S, Brown A, Brown H, Cappuccini F, Cooney E, Dejnirattisai W, Dold C, Fairhead C, Fok H, Folegatti PM, Fowler J, Gibbs C, Goodman AL, Jenkin D, Jones M, Makinson R, Marchevsky NG, Mujadidi YF, Nguyen H, Parolini L, Petersen C, Plested E, Pollock KM, Ramasamy MN, Rhead S, Robinson H, Robinson N, Rongkard P, Ryan F, Serrano S, Tipoe T, Voysey M, Waters A, Zacharopoulou P, Barnes E, Dunachie S, Goulder P, Klenerman P, Screaton GR, Winston A, Hill AVS, Gilbert SC, Pollard AJ, Fidler S, Fox J, Lambe T; Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Group.

Lancet HIV. 2021 Jun 18;8(8):e474-85. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(21)00103-X. Online ahead of print.

PMID: 34153264 Free PMC article.

Importance of patient bed pathways and length of stay differences in predicting COVID-19 hospital bed occupancy in England.

Leclerc QJ, Fuller NM, Keogh RH, Diaz-Ordaz K, Sekula R, Semple MG; ISARIC4C Investigators; CMMID COVID-19 Working Group, Atkins KE, Procter SR, Knight GM.

BMC Health Serv Res. 2021 Jun 9;21(1):566. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-06509-x.

PMID: 34107928 Free PMC article.

Co-infections, secondary infections, and antimicrobial use in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 during the first pandemic wave from the ISARIC WHO CCP-UK study: a multicentre, prospective cohort study.

Russell CD, Fairfield CJ, Drake TM, Turtle L, Seaton RA, Wootton DG, Sigfrid L, Harrison EM, Docherty AB, de Silva TI, Egan C, Pius R, Hardwick HE, Merson L, Girvan M, Dunning J, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Openshaw PJM, Baillie JK, Semple MG, Ho A; ISARIC4C investigators.

Lancet Microbe. 2021 Jun 2;2(8):e354-65. doi: 10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00090-2. Online ahead of print.

PMID: 34100002 Free PMC article.

Changes in in-hospital mortality in the first wave of COVID-19: a multicentre prospective observational cohort study using the WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK.

Docherty AB, Mulholland RH, Lone NI, Cheyne CP, De Angelis D, Diaz-Ordaz K, Donegan C, Drake TM, Dunning J, Funk S, García-Fiñana M, Girvan M, Hardwick HE, Harrison J, Ho A, Hughes DM, Keogh RH, Kirwan PD, Leeming G, Nguyen Van-Tam JS, Pius R, Russell CD, Spencer RG, Tom BD, Turtle L, Openshaw PJ, Baillie JK, Harrison EM, Semple MG; ISARIC4C Investigators.

Lancet Respir Med. 2021 Jul;9(7):773-785. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00175-2. Epub 2021 May 14.

PMID: 34000238 Free PMC article.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and outcomes of COVID-19 in the ISARIC Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK cohort: a matched, prospective cohort study.

Drake TM, Fairfield CJ, Pius R, Knight SR, Norman L, Girvan M, Hardwick HE, Docherty AB, Thwaites RS, Openshaw PJM, Baillie JK, Harrison EM, Semple MG; ISARIC4C Investigators.

Lancet Rheumatol. 2021 Jul;3(7):e498-e506. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00104-1. Epub 2021 May 7.

PMID: 33997800 Free PMC article.

COVID-19 vaccine coverage in health-care workers in England and effectiveness of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against infection (SIREN): a prospective, multicentre, cohort study.

Hall VJ, Foulkes S, Saei A, Andrews N, Oguti B, Charlett A, Wellington E, Stowe J, Gillson N, Atti A, Islam J, Karagiannis I, Munro K, Khawam J, Chand MA, Brown CS, Ramsay M, Lopez-Bernal J, Hopkins S; SIREN Study Group.

Lancet. 2021 May 8;397(10286):1725-1735. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00790-X. Epub 2021 Apr 23.

PMID: 33901423 Free PMC article.

Antibody evasion by the P.1 strain of SARS-CoV-2.

Dejnirattisai W, Zhou D, Supasa P, Liu C, Mentzer AJ, Ginn HM, Zhao Y, Duyvesteyn HME, Tuekprakhon A, Nutalai R, Wang B, López-Camacho C, Slon-Campos J, Walter TS, Skelly D, Costa Clemens SA, Naveca FG, Nascimento V, Nascimento F, Fernandes da Costa C, Resende PC, Pauvolid-Correa A, Siqueira MM, Dold C, Levin R, Dong T, Pollard AJ, Knight JC, Crook D, Lambe T, Clutterbuck E, Bibi S, Flaxman A, Bittaye M, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Gilbert SC, Carroll MW, Klenerman P, Barnes E, Dunachie SJ, Paterson NG, Williams MA, Hall DR, Hulswit RJG, Bowden TA, Fry EE, Mongkolsapaya J, Ren J, Stuart DI, Screaton GR.

Cell. 2021 May 27;184(11):2939-2954.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.055. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

PMID: 33852911 Free PMC article.

SARS-CoV-2 infection rates of antibody-positive compared with antibody-negative health-care workers in England: a large, multicentre, prospective cohort study (SIREN).

Hall VJ, Foulkes S, Charlett A, Atti A, Monk EJM, Simmons R, Wellington E, Cole MJ, Saei A, Oguti B, Munro K, Wallace S, Kirwan PD, Shrotri M, Vusirikala A, Rokadiya S, Kall M, Zambon M, Ramsay M, Brooks T, Brown CS, Chand MA, Hopkins S; SIREN Study Group.

Lancet. 2021 Apr 17;397(10283):1459-1469. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00675-9. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

PMID: 33844963 Free PMC article.

T cell assays differentiate clinical and subclinical SARS-CoV-2 infections from cross-reactive antiviral responses.

Ogbe A, Kronsteiner B, Skelly DT, Pace M, Brown A, Adland E, Adair K, Akhter HD, Ali M, Ali SE, Angyal A, Ansari MA, Arancibia-Cárcamo CV, Brown H, Chinnakannan S, Conlon C, de Lara C, de Silva T, Dold C, Dong T, Donnison T, Eyre D, Flaxman A, Fletcher H, Gardner J, Grist JT, Hackstein CP, Jaruthamsophon K, Jeffery K, Lambe T, Lee L, Li W, Lim N, Matthews PC, Mentzer AJ, Moore SC, Naisbitt DJ, Ogese M, Ogg G, Openshaw P, Pirmohamed M, Pollard AJ, Ramamurthy N, Rongkard P, Rowland-Jones S, Sampson O, Screaton G, Sette A, Stafford L, Thompson C, Thomson PJ, Thwaites R, Vieira V, Weiskopf D, Zacharopoulou P; Oxford Immunology Network Covid-19 Response T Cell Consortium; Oxford Protective T Cell Immunology for COVID-19 (OPTIC) Clinical Team, Turtle L, Klenerman P, Goulder P, Frater J, Barnes E, Dunachie S.

Nat Commun. 2021 Apr 6;12(1):2055. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21856-3.

PMID: 33824342 Free PMC article.

A haemagglutination test for rapid detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2.

Townsend A, Rijal P, Xiao J, Tan TK, Huang KA, Schimanski L, Huo J, Gupta N, Rahikainen R, Matthews PC, Crook D, Hoosdally S, Dunachie S, Barnes E, Street T, Conlon CP, Frater J, Arancibia-Cárcamo CV, Rudkin J, Stoesser N, Karpe F, Neville M, Ploeg R, Oliveira M, Roberts DJ, Lamikanra AA, Tsang HP, Bown A, Vipond R, Mentzer AJ, Knight JC, Kwok AJ, Screaton GR, Mongkolsapaya J, Dejnirattisai W, Supasa P, Klenerman P, Dold C, Baillie JK, Moore SC, Openshaw PJM, Semple MG, Turtle LCW, Ainsworth M, Allcock A, Beer S, Bibi S, Skelly D, Stafford L, Jeffrey K, O'Donnell D, Clutterbuck E, Espinosa A, Mendoza M, Georgiou D, Lockett T, Martinez J, Perez E, Gallardo Sanchez V, Scozzafava G, Sobrinodiaz A, Thraves H, Joly E.

Nat Commun. 2021 Mar 29;12(1):1951. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-22045-y.

PMID: 33782398 Free PMC article.

The antigenic anatomy of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain.

Dejnirattisai W, Zhou D, Ginn HM, Duyvesteyn HME, Supasa P, Case JB, Zhao Y, Walter TS, Mentzer AJ, Liu C, Wang B, Paesen GC, Slon-Campos J, López-Camacho C, Kafai NM, Bailey AL, Chen RE, Ying B, Thompson C, Bolton J, Fyfe A, Gupta S, Tan TK, Gilbert-Jaramillo J, James W, Knight M, Carroll MW, Skelly D, Dold C, Peng Y, Levin R, Dong T, Pollard AJ, Knight JC, Klenerman P, Temperton N, Hall DR, Williams MA, Paterson NG, Bertram FKR, Siebert CA, Clare DK, Howe A, Radecke J, Song Y, Townsend AR, Huang KA, Fry EE, Mongkolsapaya J, Diamond MS, Ren J, Stuart DI, Screaton GR.

Cell. 2021 Apr 15;184(8):2183-2200.e22. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.032. Epub 2021 Feb 18.

PMID: 33756110 Free PMC article.

Antibody testing for COVID-19: A report from the National COVID Scientific Advisory Panel.

Adams ER, Ainsworth M, Anand R, Andersson MI, Auckland K, Baillie JK, Barnes E, Beer S, Bell JI, Berry T, Bibi S, Carroll M, Chinnakannan SK, Clutterbuck E, Cornall RJ, Crook DW, de Silva T, Dejnirattisai W, Dingle KE, Dold C, Espinosa A, Eyre DW, Farmer H, Fernandez Mendoza M, Georgiou D, Hoosdally SJ, Hunter A, Jefferey K, Kelly DF, Klenerman P, Knight J, Knowles C, Kwok AJ, Leuschner U, Levin R, Liu C, López-Camacho C, Martinez J, Matthews PC, McGivern H, Mentzer AJ, Milton J, Mongkolsapaya J, Moore SC, Oliveira MS, Pereira F, Perez E, Peto T, Ploeg RJ, Pollard A, Prince T, Roberts DJ, Rudkin JK, Sanchez V, Screaton GR, Semple MG, Slon-Campos J, Skelly DT, Smith EN, Sobrinodiaz A, Staves J, Stuart DI, Supasa P, Surik T, Thraves H, Tsang P, Turtle L, Walker AS, Wang B, Washington C, Watkins N, Whitehouse J; National COVID Testing Scientific Advisory Panel.

Wellcome Open Res. 2020 Jun 11;5:139. doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15927.1. eCollection 2020.

PMID: 33748431 Free PMC article.

Reduced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant by convalescent and vaccine sera.

Supasa P, Zhou D, Dejnirattisai W, Liu C, Mentzer AJ, Ginn HM, Zhao Y, Duyvesteyn HME, Nutalai R, Tuekprakhon A, Wang B, Paesen GC, Slon-Campos J, López-Camacho C, Hallis B, Coombes N, Bewley KR, Charlton S, Walter TS, Barnes E, Dunachie SJ, Skelly D, Lumley SF, Baker N, Shaik I, Humphries HE, Godwin K, Gent N, Sienkiewicz A, Dold C, Levin R, Dong T, Pollard AJ, Knight JC, Klenerman P, Crook D, Lambe T, Clutterbuck E, Bibi S, Flaxman A, Bittaye M, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Gilbert S, Hall DR, Williams MA, Paterson NG, James W, Carroll MW, Fry EE, Mongkolsapaya J, Ren J, Stuart DI, Screaton GR.

Cell. 2021 Apr 15;184(8):2201-2211.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.033. Epub 2021 Feb 18.

PMID: 33743891 Free PMC article.

Evidence of escape of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.351 from natural and vaccine-induced sera.

Zhou D, Dejnirattisai W, Supasa P, Liu C, Mentzer AJ, Ginn HM, Zhao Y, Duyvesteyn HME, Tuekprakhon A, Nutalai R, Wang B, Paesen GC, Lopez-Camacho C, Slon-Campos J, Hallis B, Coombes N, Bewley K, Charlton S, Walter TS, Skelly D, Lumley SF, Dold C, Levin R, Dong T, Pollard AJ, Knight JC, Crook D, Lambe T, Clutterbuck E, Bibi S, Flaxman A, Bittaye M, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Gilbert S, James W, Carroll MW, Klenerman P, Barnes E, Dunachie SJ, Fry EE, Mongkolsapaya J, Ren J, Stuart DI, Screaton GR.

Cell. 2021 Apr 29;184(9):2348-2361.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.037. Epub 2021 Feb 23.

PMID: 33730597 Free PMC article.

Inflammatory profiles across the spectrum of disease reveal a distinct role for GM-CSF in severe COVID-19.

Thwaites RS, Sanchez Sevilla Uruchurtu A, Siggins MK, Liew F, Russell CD, Moore SC, Fairfield C, Carter E, Abrams S, Short CE, Thaventhiran T, Bergstrom E, Gardener Z, Ascough S, Chiu C, Docherty AB, Hunt D, Crow YJ, Solomon T, Taylor GP, Turtle L, Harrison EM, Dunning J, Semple MG, Baillie JK, Openshaw PJ; ISARIC4C investigators.

Sci Immunol. 2021 Mar 10;6(57):eabg9873. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg9873.

PMID: 33692097 Free PMC article.

Risk of adverse outcomes in patients with underlying respiratory conditions admitted to hospital with COVID-19: a national, multicentre prospective cohort study using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK.

Bloom CI, Drake TM, Docherty AB, Lipworth BJ, Johnston SL, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Carson G, Dunning J, Harrison EM, Baillie JK, Semple MG, Cullinan P, Openshaw PJM; ISARIC investigators.

Lancet Respir Med. 2021 Jul;9(7):699-711. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00013-8. Epub 2021 Mar 4.

PMID: 33676593 Free PMC article.

Single-dose administration and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine: a pooled analysis of four randomised trials.

Voysey M, Costa Clemens SA, Madhi SA, Weckx LY, Folegatti PM, Aley PK, Angus B, Baillie VL, Barnabas SL, Bhorat QE, Bibi S, Briner C, Cicconi P, Clutterbuck EA, Collins AM, Cutland CL, Darton TC, Dheda K, Dold C, Duncan CJA, Emary KRW, Ewer KJ, Flaxman A, Fairlie L, Faust SN, Feng S, Ferreira DM, Finn A, Galiza E, Goodman AL, Green CM, Green CA, Greenland M, Hill C, Hill HC, Hirsch I, Izu A, Jenkin D, Joe CCD, Kerridge S, Koen A, Kwatra G, Lazarus R, Libri V, Lillie PJ, Marchevsky NG, Marshall RP, Mendes AVA, Milan EP, Minassian AM, McGregor A, Mujadidi YF, Nana A, Padayachee SD, Phillips DJ, Pittella A, Plested E, Pollock KM, Ramasamy MN, Ritchie AJ, Robinson H, Schwarzbold AV, Smith A, Song R, Snape MD, Sprinz E, Sutherland RK, Thomson EC, Török ME, Toshner M, Turner DPJ, Vekemans J, Villafana TL, White T, Williams CJ, Douglas AD, Hill AVS, Lambe T, Gilbert SC, Pollard AJ; Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Group.

Lancet. 2021 Mar 6;397(10277):881-891. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00432-3. Epub 2021 Feb 19.

PMID: 33617777 Free PMC article.

Maintenance therapy with infliximab or vedolizumab in IBD is not associated with increased SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence: UK experience in the 2020 pandemic.

McGregor CG, Adams A, Sadler R, Arancibia-Cárcamo CV, Palmer R, Ambrose T, Brain O, Walsh A, Klenerman P, Travis SP, Croft NM, Lindsay JO, Satsangi J.

Gut. 2021 Feb 12:gutjnl-2021-324116. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324116. Online ahead of print.

PMID: 33579788 No abstract available.

Medium-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on multiple vital organs, exercise capacity, cognition, quality of life and mental health, post-hospital discharge.

Raman B, Cassar MP, Tunnicliffe EM, Filippini N, Griffanti L, Alfaro-Almagro F, Okell T, Sheerin F, Xie C, Mahmod M, Mózes FE, Lewandowski AJ, Ohuma EO, Holdsworth D, Lamlum H, Woodman MJ, Krasopoulos C, Mills R, McConnell FAK, Wang C, Arthofer C, Lange FJ, Andersson J, Jenkinson M, Antoniades C, Channon KM, Shanmuganathan M, Ferreira VM, Piechnik SK, Klenerman P, Brightling C, Talbot NP, Petousi N, Rahman NM, Ho LP, Saunders K, Geddes JR, Harrison PJ, Pattinson K, Rowland MJ, Angus BJ, Gleeson F, Pavlides M, Koychev I, Miller KL, Mackay C, Jezzard P, Smith SM, Neubauer S.

EClinicalMedicine. 2021 Jan 7;31:100683. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100683. eCollection 2021 Jan.

PMID: 33490928 Free PMC article.

Development and validation of the ISARIC 4C Deterioration model for adults hospitalised with COVID-19: a prospective cohort study.

Gupta RK, Harrison EM, Ho A, Docherty AB, Knight SR, van Smeden M, Abubakar I, Lipman M, Quartagno M, Pius R, Buchan I, Carson G, Drake TM, Dunning J, Fairfield CJ, Gamble C, Green CA, Halpin S, Hardwick HE, Holden KA, Horby PW, Jackson C, Mclean KA, Merson L, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Norman L, Olliaro PL, Pritchard MG, Russell CD, Scott-Brown J, Shaw CA, Sheikh A, Solomon T, Sudlow C, Swann OV, Turtle L, Openshaw PJM, Baillie JK, Semple MG, Noursadeghi M; ISARIC4C Investigators.

Lancet Respir Med. 2021 Apr;9(4):349-359. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30559-2. Epub 2021 Jan 11.

PMID: 33444539 Free PMC article.

Biological functions of MAIT cells in tissues.

Klenerman P, Hinks TSC, Ussher JE.

Mol Immunol. 2021 Feb;130:154-158. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.12.017. Epub 2020 Dec 25.

PMID: 33358567 Free PMC article. Review.

T cell and antibody responses induced by a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine in a phase 1/2 clinical trial.

Ewer KJ, Barrett JR, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Sharpe H, Makinson R, Morter R, Flaxman A, Wright D, Bellamy D, Bittaye M, Dold C, Provine NM, Aboagye J, Fowler J, Silk SE, Alderson J, Aley PK, Angus B, Berrie E, Bibi S, Cicconi P, Clutterbuck EA, Chelysheva I, Folegatti PM, Fuskova M, Green CM, Jenkin D, Kerridge S, Lawrie A, Minassian AM, Moore M, Mujadidi Y, Plested E, Poulton I, Ramasamy MN, Robinson H, Song R, Snape MD, Tarrant R, Voysey M, Watson MEE, Douglas AD, Hill AVS, Gilbert SC, Pollard AJ, Lambe T; Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Group.

Nat Med. 2021 Feb;27(2):270-278. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-01194-5. Epub 2020 Dec 17.

PMID: 33335323 Clinical Trial.

Phase 1/2 trial of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 with a booster dose induces multifunctional antibody responses.

Barrett JR, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Dold C, Ewer KJ, Folegatti PM, Gilbride C, Halkerston R, Hill J, Jenkin D, Stockdale L, Verheul MK, Aley PK, Angus B, Bellamy D, Berrie E, Bibi S, Bittaye M, Carroll MW, Cavell B, Clutterbuck EA, Edwards N, Flaxman A, Fuskova M, Gorringe A, Hallis B, Kerridge S, Lawrie AM, Linder A, Liu X, Madhavan M, Makinson R, Mellors J, Minassian A, Moore M, Mujadidi Y, Plested E, Poulton I, Ramasamy MN, Robinson H, Rollier CS, Song R, Snape MD, Tarrant R, Taylor S, Thomas KM, Voysey M, Watson MEE, Wright D, Douglas AD, Green CM, Hill AVS, Lambe T, Gilbert S, Pollard AJ; Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Group.

Nat Med. 2021 Feb;27(2):279-288. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-01179-4. Epub 2020 Dec 17.

PMID: 33335322 Clinical Trial.

Treatment of COVID-19 with remdesivir in the absence of humoral immunity: a case report.

Buckland MS, Galloway JB, Fhogartaigh CN, Meredith L, Provine NM, Bloor S, Ogbe A, Zelek WM, Smielewska A, Yakovleva A, Mann T, Bergamaschi L, Turner L, Mescia F, Toonen EJM, Hackstein CP, Akther HD, Vieira VA, Ceron-Gutierrez L, Periselneris J, Kiani-Alikhan S, Grigoriadou S, Vaghela D, Lear SE, Török ME, Hamilton WL, Stockton J, Quick J, Nelson P, Hunter M, Coulter TI, Devlin L; CITIID-NIHR COVID-19 BioResource Collaboration; MRC-Toxicology Unit COVID-19 Consortium, Bradley JR, Smith KGC, Ouwehand WH, Estcourt L, Harvala H, Roberts DJ, Wilkinson IB, Screaton N, Loman N, Doffinger R, Lyons PA, Morgan BP, Goodfellow IG, Klenerman P, Lehner PJ, Matheson NJ, Thaventhiran JED.

Nat Commun. 2020 Dec 14;11(1):6385. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19761-2.

PMID: 33318491 Free PMC article.

Genetic mechanisms of critical illness in COVID-19.

Pairo-Castineira E, Clohisey S, Klaric L, Bretherick AD, Rawlik K, Pasko D, Walker S, Parkinson N, Fourman MH, Russell CD, Furniss J, Richmond A, Gountouna E, Wrobel N, Harrison D, Wang B, Wu Y, Meynert A, Griffiths F, Oosthuyzen W, Kousathanas A, Moutsianas L, Yang Z, Zhai R, Zheng C, Grimes G, Beale R, Millar J, Shih B, Keating S, Zechner M, Haley C, Porteous DJ, Hayward C, Yang J, Knight J, Summers C, Shankar-Hari M, Klenerman P, Turtle L, Ho A, Moore SC, Hinds C, Horby P, Nichol A, Maslove D, Ling L, McAuley D, Montgomery H, Walsh T, Pereira AC, Renieri A; GenOMICC Investigators; ISARIC4C Investigators; COVID-19 Human Genetics Initiative; 23andMe Investigators; BRACOVID Investigators; Gen-COVID Investigators, Shen X, Ponting CP, Fawkes A, Tenesa A, Caulfield M, Scott R, Rowan K, Murphy L, Openshaw PJM, Semple MG, Law A, Vitart V, Wilson JF, Baillie JK.

Nature. 2021 Mar;591(7848):92-98. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-03065-y. Epub 2020 Dec 11.

PMID: 33307546

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.

Voysey M, Clemens SAC, Madhi SA, Weckx LY, Folegatti PM, Aley PK, Angus B, Baillie VL, Barnabas SL, Bhorat QE, Bibi S, Briner C, Cicconi P, Collins AM, Colin-Jones R, Cutland CL, Darton TC, Dheda K, Duncan CJA, Emary KRW, Ewer KJ, Fairlie L, Faust SN, Feng S, Ferreira DM, Finn A, Goodman AL, Green CM, Green CA, Heath PT, Hill C, Hill H, Hirsch I, Hodgson SHC, Izu A, Jackson S, Jenkin D, Joe CCD, Kerridge S, Koen A, Kwatra G, Lazarus R, Lawrie AM, Lelliott A, Libri V, Lillie PJ, Mallory R, Mendes AVA, Milan EP, Minassian AM, McGregor A, Morrison H, Mujadidi YF, Nana A, O'Reilly PJ, Padayachee SD, Pittella A, Plested E, Pollock KM, Ramasamy MN, Rhead S, Schwarzbold AV, Singh N, Smith A, Song R, Snape MD, Sprinz E, Sutherland RK, Tarrant R, Thomson EC, Török ME, Toshner M, Turner DPJ, Vekemans J, Villafana TL, Watson MEE, Williams CJ, Douglas AD, Hill AVS, Lambe T, Gilbert SC, Pollard AJ; Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Group.

Lancet. 2021 Jan 9;397(10269):99-111. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32661-1. Epub 2020 Dec 8.

PMID: 33306989 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.

SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in blood products from patients with COVID-19 is not associated with infectious virus.

Andersson MI, Arancibia-Carcamo CV, Auckland K, Baillie JK, Barnes E, Beneke T, Bibi S, Brooks T, Carroll M, Crook D, Dingle K, Dold C, Downs LO, Dunn L, Eyre DW, Gilbert Jaramillo J, Harvala H, Hoosdally S, Ijaz S, James T, James W, Jeffery K, Justice A, Klenerman P, Knight JC, Knight M, Liu X, Lumley SF, Matthews PC, McNaughton AL, Mentzer AJ, Mongkolsapaya J, Oakley S, Oliveira MS, Peto T, Ploeg RJ, Ratcliff J, Robbins MJ, Roberts DJ, Rudkin J, Russell RA, Screaton G, Semple MG, Skelly D, Simmonds P, Stoesser N, Turtle L, Wareing S, Zambon M.

Wellcome Open Res. 2020 Oct 12;5:181. doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16002.2. eCollection 2020.

PMID: 33283055 Free PMC article.

Safety and immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine administered in a prime-boost regimen in young and old adults (COV002): a single-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 2/3 trial.

Ramasamy MN, Minassian AM, Ewer KJ, Flaxman AL, Folegatti PM, Owens DR, Voysey M, Aley PK, Angus B, Babbage G, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Berry L, Bibi S, Bittaye M, Cathie K, Chappell H, Charlton S, Cicconi P, Clutterbuck EA, Colin-Jones R, Dold C, Emary KRW, Fedosyuk S, Fuskova M, Gbesemete D, Green C, Hallis B, Hou MM, Jenkin D, Joe CCD, Kelly EJ, Kerridge S, Lawrie AM, Lelliott A, Lwin MN, Makinson R, Marchevsky NG, Mujadidi Y, Munro APS, Pacurar M, Plested E, Rand J, Rawlinson T, Rhead S, Robinson H, Ritchie AJ, Ross-Russell AL, Saich S, Singh N, Smith CC, Snape MD, Song R, Tarrant R, Themistocleous Y, Thomas KM, Villafana TL, Warren SC, Watson MEE, Douglas AD, Hill AVS, Lambe T, Gilbert SC, Faust SN, Pollard AJ; Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Group.

Lancet. 2021 Dec 19;396(10267):1979-1993. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32466-1. Epub 2020 Nov 19.

PMID: 33220855 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.

SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence, titres and neutralising activity in an antenatal cohort, United Kingdom, 14 April to 15 June 2020.

Lumley SF, Eyre DW, McNaughton AL, Howarth A, Hoosdally S, Hatch SB, Kavanagh J, Chau KK, Downs LO, Cox S, Dunn L, Justice A, Wareing S, Dingle K, Rudkin J, Auckland K, Fyfe A, Bolton J, Paton R, Mentzer AJ, Jeffery K, Andersson MI, James T, Peto TEA, Marsden BD, Screaton G, Cornall RJ, Klenerman P, Ebner D, Stuart DI, Crook DW, Stoesser N, Kennedy SH, Thompson C, Gupta S, Matthews PC.

Euro Surveill. 2020 Oct;25(42):2001721. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.41.2001721.

PMID: 33094717 Free PMC article.

Detection of neutralising antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 to determine population exposure in Scottish blood donors between March and May 2020.

Thompson CP, Grayson NE, Paton RS, Bolton JS, Lourenço J, Penman BS, Lee LN, Odon V, Mongkolsapaya J, Chinnakannan S, Dejnirattisai W, Edmans M, Fyfe A, Imlach C, Kooblall K, Lim N, Liu C, López-Camacho C, McInally C, McNaughton AL, Ramamurthy N, Ratcliff J, Supasa P, Sampson O, Wang B, Mentzer AJ, Turner M, Semple MG, Baillie K; ISARIC4C Investigators, Harvala H, Screaton GR, Temperton N, Klenerman P, Jarvis LM, Gupta S, Simmonds P.

Euro Surveill. 2020 Oct;25(42):2000685. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.42.2000685.

PMID: 33094713 Free PMC article.

Outcome of Hospitalization for COVID-19 in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease. An International Multicenter Study.

Drake TM, Docherty AB, Harrison EM, Quint JK, Adamali H, Agnew S, Babu S, Barber CM, Barratt S, Bendstrup E, Bianchi S, Villegas DC, Chaudhuri N, Chua F, Coker R, Chang W, Crawshaw A, Crowley LE, Dosanjh D, Fiddler CA, Forrest IA, George PM, Gibbons MA, Groom K, Haney S, Hart SP, Heiden E, Henry M, Ho LP, Hoyles RK, Hutchinson J, Hurley K, Jones M, Jones S, Kokosi M, Kreuter M, MacKay LS, Mahendran S, Margaritopoulos G, Molina-Molina M, Molyneaux PL, O'Brien A, O'Reilly K, Packham A, Parfrey H, Poletti V, Porter JC, Renzoni E, Rivera-Ortega P, Russell AM, Saini G, Spencer LG, Stella GM, Stone H, Sturney S, Thickett D, Thillai M, Wallis T, Ward K, Wells AU, West A, Wickremasinghe M, Woodhead F, Hearson G, Howard L, Baillie JK, Openshaw PJM, Semple MG, Stewart I, Jenkins RG; ISARIC4C Investigators.

Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 Dec 15;202(12):1656-1665. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202007-2794OC.

PMID: 33007173 Free PMC article.

Performance characteristics of five immunoassays for SARS-CoV-2: a head-to-head benchmark comparison.

National SARS-CoV-2 Serology Assay Evaluation Group.

Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Dec;20(12):1390-1400. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30634-4. Epub 2020 Sep 23.

PMID: 32979318 Free PMC article.

Clinical characteristics of children and young people admitted to hospital with covid-19 in United Kingdom: prospective multicentre observational cohort study.

Swann OV, Holden KA, Turtle L, Pollock L, Fairfield CJ, Drake TM, Seth S, Egan C, Hardwick HE, Halpin S, Girvan M, Donohue C, Pritchard M, Patel LB, Ladhani S, Sigfrid L, Sinha IP, Olliaro PL, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Horby PW, Merson L, Carson G, Dunning J, Openshaw PJM, Baillie JK, Harrison EM, Docherty AB, Semple MG; ISARIC4C Investigators.

BMJ. 2020 Aug 27;370:m3249. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m3249.

PMID: 32960186 Free PMC article.

Risk stratification of patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: development and validation of the 4C Mortality Score.

Knight SR, Ho A, Pius R, Buchan I, Carson G, Drake TM, Dunning J, Fairfield CJ, Gamble C, Green CA, Gupta R, Halpin S, Hardwick HE, Holden KA, Horby PW, Jackson C, Mclean KA, Merson L, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Norman L, Noursadeghi M, Olliaro PL, Pritchard MG, Russell CD, Shaw CA, Sheikh A, Solomon T, Sudlow C, Swann OV, Turtle LC, Openshaw PJ, Baillie JK, Semple MG, Docherty AB, Harrison EM; ISARIC4C investigators.

BMJ. 2020 Sep 9;370:m3339. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m3339.

PMID: 32907855 Free PMC article.

Broad and strong memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 in UK convalescent individuals following COVID-19.

Peng Y, Mentzer AJ, Liu G, Yao X, Yin Z, Dong D, Dejnirattisai W, Rostron T, Supasa P, Liu C, López-Camacho C, Slon-Campos J, Zhao Y, Stuart DI, Paesen GC, Grimes JM, Antson AA, Bayfield OW, Hawkins DEDP, Ker DS, Wang B, Turtle L, Subramaniam K, Thomson P, Zhang P, Dold C, Ratcliff J, Simmonds P, de Silva T, Sopp P, Wellington D, Rajapaksa U, Chen YL, Salio M, Napolitani G, Paes W, Borrow P, Kessler BM, Fry JW, Schwabe NF, Semple MG, Baillie JK, Moore SC, Openshaw PJM, Ansari MA, Dunachie S, Barnes E, Frater J, Kerr G, Goulder P, Lockett T, Levin R, Zhang Y, Jing R, Ho LP; Oxford Immunology Network Covid-19 Response T cell Consortium; ISARIC4C Investigators, Cornall RJ, Conlon CP, Klenerman P, Screaton GR, Mongkolsapaya J, McMichael A, Knight JC, Ogg G, Dong T.

Nat Immunol. 2020 Nov;21(11):1336-1345. doi: 10.1038/s41590-020-0782-6. Epub 2020 Sep 4.

PMID: 32887977 Free PMC article.

Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial.

Folegatti PM, Ewer KJ, Aley PK, Angus B, Becker S, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Bellamy D, Bibi S, Bittaye M, Clutterbuck EA, Dold C, Faust SN, Finn A, Flaxman AL, Hallis B, Heath P, Jenkin D, Lazarus R, Makinson R, Minassian AM, Pollock KM, Ramasamy M, Robinson H, Snape M, Tarrant R, Voysey M, Green C, Douglas AD, Hill AVS, Lambe T, Gilbert SC, Pollard AJ; Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Group.

Lancet. 2020 Aug 15;396(10249):467-478. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31604-4. Epub 2020 Jul 20.

PMID: 32702298 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.

Single-cell oxygen saturation imaging shows that gas exchange by red blood cells is not impaired in COVID-19 patients.

Park KC, Donovan K, McKechnie S, Ramamurthy N, Klenerman P, Swietach P.

Br J Haematol. 2020 Aug;190(4):e229-e232. doi: 10.1111/bjh.17025. Epub 2020 Aug 1.

PMID: 32678950 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Why the elderly appear to be more severely affected by COVID-19: The potential role of immunosenescence and CMV.

Kadambari S, Klenerman P, Pollard AJ.

Rev Med Virol. 2020 Sep;30(5):e2144. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2144. Epub 2020 Jul 15.

PMID: 32671966 Free PMC article. Review.

Broad and strong memory CD4 + and CD8 + T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 in UK convalescent COVID-19 patients.

Peng Y, Mentzer AJ, Liu G, Yao X, Yin Z, Dong D, Dejnirattisai W, Rostron T, Supasa P, Liu C, Lopez-Camacho C, Slon-Campos J, Zhao Y, Stuart D, Paeson G, Grimes J, Antson F, Bayfield OW, Hawkins DE, Ker DS, Turtle L, Subramaniam K, Thomson P, Zhang P, Dold C, Ratcliff J, Simmonds P, de Silva T, Sopp P, Wellington D, Rajapaksa U, Chen YL, Salio M, Napolitani G, Paes W, Borrow P, Kessler B, Fry JW, Schwabe NF, Semple MG, Baillie KJ, Moore S, Openshaw PJ, Ansari A, Dunachie S, Barnes E, Frater J, Kerr G, Goulder P, Lockett T, Levin R, Cornall RJ, Conlon C, Klenerman P, McMichael A, Screaton G, Mongkolsapaya J, Knight JC, Ogg G, Dong T.

bioRxiv. 2020 Jun 8:2020.06.05.134551. doi: 10.1101/2020.06.05.134551. Preprint.

PMID: 32577665 Free PMC article. Updated.