Long-term non-progression in children living with HIV: estimates from international cohort data.
Jackson C., Crichton S., Judd A., Bamford A., Goulder P., Klein N., Marques L., Paioni P., Riordan A., Spoulou V., Vieira VA., Ansone S., Chiappini E., Le Coeur S., Ene L., Galli L., Giaquinto C., Goetghebuer T., Fortuny C., Kanjanavanit S., Marczynska M., Navarro M., Naver L., Ngo-Giang-Huong N., Plotnikova YK., Plynskey AA., Ramos JT., Raus I., Rozenberg VY., Samarina AV., Schölvinck EH., Vasylenko N., Volokha A., Collins IJ., Goodall R., European Pregnancy and Paediatric Infections Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC): the following authors meet ICMJE authorship criteria and comprise the study group None.
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the probability of long-term nonprogression (LTNP) in the absence of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in children with perinatally acquired HIV, and the impact of LTNP definitions on these estimates. DESIGN: Analysis of longitudinal routine care data (follow-up to 2016) collected through a collaboration of cohorts of children in routine HIV care across Europe and Thailand. METHODS: LTNP was defined as reaching age 8 years without disease progression (defined as an AIDS diagnosis or immunosuppression based on WHO immunosuppression-for-age thresholds, age-adjusted CD4+z-scores or CD4+ counts). ART initiation was treated as a competing risk (children initiating ART before age 8 were not considered to have LTNP). We included children born domestically in six national HIV cohorts (n = 2481). Additional analyses included domestic-born children enrolled in national cohorts in infancy (aged <12 months, n = 1144, six cohorts), or all domestic-born children in national and nonnational cohorts (n = 4542, 18 cohorts). Results were stratified by birth year. RESULTS: Among children born domestically in national cohorts in 2004-2007, the probability [95% confidence interval (CI)] of LTNP at age 8 years was 10% (6-15%) based on WHO immunosuppression-for-age criteria. This was lower for children born earlier when ART use was less frequent. Results were similar using other immunosuppression thresholds. Estimates were lower when restricted to domestic-born children in national cohorts enrolled in infancy, and higher when including all domestic-born children. CONCLUSION: Up to 10% of children born during 2004-2007 had LTNP at age 8. Our findings may help identify participants with LTNP for research into posttreatment control and HIV cure.