Changing epidemiology of human parvovirus 4 infection in sub-Saharan Africa.
Sharp CP., Vermeulen M., Nébié Y., Djoko CF., LeBreton M., Tamoufe U., Rimoin AW., Kayembe PK., Carr JK., Servant-Delmas A., Laperche S., Harrison GLA., Pybus OG., Delwart E., Wolfe ND., Saville A., Lefrère JJ., Simmonds P.
Human parvovirus 4 infections are primarily associated with parenteral exposure in western countries. By ELISA, we demonstrate frequent seropositivity for antibody to parvovirus 4 viral protein 2 among adult populations throughout sub-Saharan Africa (Burkina Faso, 37%; Cameroon, 25%; Democratic Republic of the Congo, 35%; South Africa, 20%), which implies existence of alternative transmission routes.